MANPOWER MODEL MATURE
WHITE PAPER MANPOWER MODEL MATURE
OPERATIONS
"How many people does it take to run Tranquility?"
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE - MATURE PHASE 1 (3.5 GW, 50
CLIENTS)
TOTAL HEADCOUNT: ~165 FTE
A. OPERATIONS (55 FTE)
Mission: Run the facility 24/7, ensure uptime, handle incidents
- 1. Control Center Operations (35 FTE)
Location: Earth (co-located with primary base station)
24/7 Shifts:
Shift 1 (00:00-08:00 UTC): 5 people
Shift 2 (08:00-16:00 UTC): 7 people (peak business hours)
Shift 3 (16:00-00:00 UTC): 5 people
Roles per shift:
Operations Manager (1) - senior, final authority on shift
Job Coordinators (2-4) - approve jobs, schedule, monitor
Technical Support (1-2) - troubleshoot failures, optimize
Communication Specialist (1) - manage Earth-Moon links
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Total: 17 people × 3 shifts = 51 FTE
Plus:
Operations Director (1) - overall operations leadership
Deputy Director (1) - backup, special projects
Training Coordinator (1) - onboard new ops staff
Process Improvement (1) - optimize workflows
Operations Subtotal: 54 FTE
- 2. Base Station Technicians (6 FTE)
Locations: 3 primary sites (Goldstone, Madrid, Canberra)
Per site:
Site Manager (1)
Maintenance Tech (1)
Total: 2 × 3 sites = 6 FTE
(Unmanned sites with quarterly on-site visits, remote monitoring)
- 3. Lunar Systems Monitoring (6 FTE)
(Separate from control center, focused on Moon-side hardware)
Team:
Lunar Systems Manager (1)
Reactor Monitoring Specialists (2)
Compute Hardware Specialists (2)
Thermal Systems Specialist (1)
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Function:
Watch Moon telemetry
Predict failures
Coordinate with robotics for maintenance
Plan container swaps
Lunar Monitoring Subtotal: 6 FTE
B. SALES & ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT (32 FTE)
Mission: Acquire customers, manage relationships, drive revenue
- 1. Enterprise Sales (12 FTE)
VP of Sales (1)
Owns revenue targets
Strategic partnerships
Enterprise Account Executives (8)
Hunt for new customers
Close deals >$5M/year
Quota: $50M/year per AE
Sales Engineers (3)
Pre-sales technical support
Solution architecture
POCs and demos
Sales Subtotal: 12 FTE
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- 2. Account Management (15 FTE)
Director of Customer Success (1)
Strategic Account Managers (10)
1 per major customer (>$5M/year)
Relationship management
Expansion opportunities
Escalation handling
Customer Success Managers (4)
Handle smaller customers (<$5M/year)
Each manages 10-15 accounts
Account Management Subtotal: 15 FTE
- 3. Marketing & Business Development (5 FTE)
Chief Marketing Officer (1) Product Marketing (2) - positioning, messaging, content Demand Generation (1) -
conferences, webinars, campaigns Business Development (1) - partnerships, alliances
Marketing Subtotal: 5 FTE
C. ENGINEERING & TECHNICAL (28 FTE)
Mission: Optimize system, plan upgrades, R&D;
- 1. Systems Engineering (12 FTE)
VP of Engineering (1)
Infrastructure Team (6):
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Principal Engineer - Compute Architecture (1)
Principal Engineer - Power Systems (1)
Principal Engineer - Thermal Management (1)
Principal Engineer - Communications (1)
Systems Integration Engineers (2)
Software/AI Team (5):
ML Optimization Specialists (3) - help customers tune workloads
Infrastructure Software Engineers (2) - job scheduler, monitoring
Engineering Subtotal: 12 FTE
- 2. R&D; / Future Technologies (6 FTE)
Director of Research (1) Research Scientists (5)
Track emerging compute technologies
Prototype new architectures
Partner with universities
R&D; Subtotal: 6 FTE
- 3. Facilities & Lunar Operations Planning (10 FTE)
Director of Lunar Operations (1)
Lunar Infrastructure Team (5):
Civil/Structural Engineers (2) - plan expansions
Robotics Engineers (2) - maintain/upgrade robots
Logistics Planner (1) - launch schedules, cargo
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Earth Infrastructure Team (4):
Base Station Engineers (2)
Data Center Engineers (2)
Facilities Subtotal: 10 FTE
D. CORPORATE FUNCTIONS (40 FTE)
Mission: Finance, legal, HR, compliance, IT
- 1. Finance & Accounting (12 FTE)
CFO (1) Controller (1) Accountants (4) - AR, AP, payroll, reporting FP&A; Analysts (3) - forecasting, budgeting
Billing Specialists (3) - customer invoicing, usage tracking
Finance Subtotal: 12 FTE
- 2. Legal & Compliance (8 FTE)
General Counsel (1) Corporate Attorneys (2) - contracts, M&A; Regulatory
Compliance (3):
FedRAMP Compliance Manager (1)
ITAR/Export Control Specialist (1)
Privacy/Data Protection (1) Paralegal/Contract Manager (2)
Legal Subtotal: 8 FTE
- 3. Human Resources (6 FTE)
CHRO (1) Recruiting (2) HR Business Partners (2) Compensation &
Benefits (1)
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HR Subtotal: 6 FTE
- 4. IT / Information Security (10 FTE)
CIO/CISO (1) IT Infrastructure (4) - networks, servers, endpoints Security (3) - SOC, compliance, incident
response IT Support (2) - helpdesk, user support
IT Subtotal: 10 FTE
- 5. Corporate Communications (4 FTE)
Head of Communications (1) Public Relations (1) Internal Communications (1)
Executive Assistant to CEO (1)
Communications Subtotal: 4 FTE
E. EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP (10 FTE)
CEO (1) COO (1) CFO (1) - also in Finance above CTO (1) VP Operations (1) - also in Operations above VP
Sales (1) - also in Sales above VP Engineering (1) - also in Engineering above General Counsel (1) - also in
Legal above CHRO (1) - also in HR above CMO (1) - also in Marketing above
Executive Subtotal: 10 FTE
(Note: Some executives counted in functional areas above - ~3 net new)
PHASE 1 TOTAL: ~165 FTE
Breakdown:
Operations: 65 FTE (40%)
Sales/Marketing: 32 FTE (19%)
Engineering: 28 FTE (17%)
Corporate: 40 FTE (24%)
Revenue per Employee:
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Phase 1 Revenue: $1.2B/year
165 employees
$7.3M revenue per employee (very high - typical tech company is $0.5-1M)
Why so lean?
Highly automated operations (Michelangelo!)
Limited customer count (50 vs thousands)
No manufacturing (outsourced)
No physical product distribution
MATURE PHASE 2 (60 GW, 500 CLIENTS) - SCALED MANPOWER
TOTAL HEADCOUNT: ~650 FTE
Scaling factors:
Operations:
65 → 180 FTE (2.8x)
More complex with 17x capacity
More base stations, more monitoring
Sales/Marketing:
32 → 150 FTE (4.7x)
500 clients (10x customers)
More account managers needed
Engineering:
28 → 120 FTE (4.3x)
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R&D; for next-gen tech
Larger infrastructure team
Corporate:
40 → 150 FTE (3.75x)
Finance, legal, HR scale with headcount and complexity
Executive:
10 → 50 FTE (5x)
More VPs, directors for larger org
Phase 2 Revenue per Employee:
$12B revenue / 650 FTE = $18.5M per employee
Even more efficient at scale!
COST ANALYSIS
Phase 1 Labor Costs:
Average compensation (fully loaded):
Operations: $120K
Sales: $180K (high variable)
Engineering: $200K
Corporate: $150K
Executive: $400K
Total annual payroll:
Operations: 65 × $120K = $7.8M
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Sales: 32 × $180K = $5.8M
Engineering: 28 × $200K = $5.6M
Corporate: 40 × $150K = $6.0M
Executive: 10 × $400K = $4.0M
Total: ~$29M/year
As % of revenue:
$29M / $1,200M = 2.4% (incredibly low!)
Typical enterprise software: 20-40%
Reason: Capital-intensive business, not labor-intensive
Phase 2 Labor Costs:
650 FTE at higher average comp (inflation, seniority):
$150M/year (estimated)
As % of revenue:
$150M / $12,000M = 1.25%
Even better margins at scale!
COMPARISON TO TRADITIONAL DATA CENTER
AWS-equivalent facility (3.5 GW):
Operations: 300-500 FTE (highly automated, but more sites)
Sales/Support: 1,000+ FTE (millions of customers)
Engineering: 500+ FTE
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Corporate: 500+ FTE
Total: 2,000-3,000 FTE
Tranquility at 165 FTE is 10x more efficient because:
50 customers vs millions (less support needed)
Single location (Moon) vs hundreds of data centers
Highly automated (Michelangelo)
No physical infrastructure on Earth (base stations unmanned)
KEY INSIGHTS
Very lean operation - 165 people run $1.2B/year business
Most headcount in operations (40%) - ensuring uptime is critical
Sales team is strategic, not transactional - high-touch, B2B
Engineering heavy - optimize infrastructure, not build features
Corporate functions standard - legal/compliance especially important
Scales efficiently - Phase 2 only needs 4x headcount for 10x revenue
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